The modern psychedelic movement started from about the late ‘30s to the late ‘50s and was initiated by Dr. Gordon Wasson and wife.
They carried out the initial investigations and experiments. Dr. Gordon Wasson was a high ranking investment banker in a large New York bank.
On one of his trips to Russia he met a very intelligent Russian female scientist named Valentina Pavlovna Guercken and eventually they married.
They lived in the US Northeast and one day after a considerable period of time together, Gordon and Valentina were out on a picnic in the woods as they both loved nature. And Valentina collected a whole bucketful of wild mushrooms.
She proceeded to bring them home along with the wild berries Gordon had collected and started to prepare them for the dinner. Gordon became horrified and said, “What are you doing? We can’t eat those wild mushrooms. A lot of them can be poisonous and can kill us just like that.”
She said, “Don’t worry, I know exactly which mushrooms are edible and are very good for you.” Gordon refused to touch any of the mushrooms anyway and told Valentina he wouldn’t be surprised if he didn’t see her at all the following morning.
Well, Valentina was physically alright next day and these mushrooms started to fascinate Gordon because he had a scientific frame of mind. He began immediately looking up in esoteric texts about all the mushrooms in the world, their properties, and especially the psychedelic effects on the human mind.
Gordon had a lot of vacation time from his job and he and Valentina began planning long trips, especially to Mexico, where there was a great variety of psychedelic mushrooms and a history of the native indigenous peoples using these mushrooms in their religious ceremonies and activities.
They planned a long trip to Mexico and were fortunate enough to find some friendly native peoples where some of the most psychedelic and interesting mushrooms grew.
So, they decided to make camp at this point and try to get to know the people and discover which mushrooms were psychedelic and how and how much these native peoples used and how they prepared them for their religious ceremonies.
In the native societies, there is usually only one person in the whole society that is responsible for the mushrooms, the preparing of the mushrooms, and the religious ceremonies with them.
This person is called a shaman or “medicine man” and is not only responsible for the religious ceremonies of the community, but is also responsible, in case anyone of the tribe becomes ill, for preparing the mushrooms (cooking, etc.) in order to effect a complete cure of whatever illness anyone in the tribe might have.
So, the shaman is probably the most important person in any given tribe because they are held in such great esteem by everyone because of their special knowledge both in conducting the ceremonies and curing and helping all the individuals in the tribe.
Gordon and Valentina were extremely lucky to make contact and establish a very good friendship with the female shaman of this tribe. Usually, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to even get near or talk to a shaman, let alone establish a good friendly relationship. Most of these tribes are extremely secretive and wary of outsiders and will not even identify the shaman in the tribe and usually, any scientific investigators are just out of luck.
Now, this was the very beginning of the psychedelic movement that completely swept the world for the next twenty or thirty years.
Gordon, of course, wanted to do a complete scientific study, with the help of Valentina, on a number of factors in this tribe. After luckily becoming such good friends with the female shaman, Gordon wanted to scientifically study their religious ceremonies, exactly what the shaman did and performed during these ceremonies, the type of mushrooms that she used and how they were prepared, how much of a dose was given to each person, the results of the ingestion of these mushrooms, and the results of the healing sessions that occurred afterwards.
Again very luckily, they were both allowed to witness the preparing of the mushrooms and the complete ceremony from beginning to end and both of them were busily taking down every detail in their notebooks.
I can’t go into what they discovered in great detail but I can just mention the important factors that they discovered. They found out exactly which mushrooms were psychedelic and exactly how much to prepare for a session.
They also discovered upon analysis later (they took a great quantity of these mushrooms home) that these particular mushrooms had lysergic acid (LSD) in them. That was the psychedelic ingredient that made them so powerful and allowed the natives to have all these visions. And these particular mushrooms with the LSD in them were the ones that the shaman used in the healing sessions along, strangely enough, with a theraphy form of what we would call hypnosis.
They spent over a month in Mexico and collected voluminous data. On their return home they both started to work industriously on analyzing and cataloging the mushrooms. One by one they listed all the psychoactive drugs and psychedelic drugs that they found and what effect these drugs had on them.
Being careful scientists, they discovered the doses and exactly what effects all these mushrooms had on their minds and what they felt and saw after they consumed these mushrooms.
Gordon had found a new occupation, in essence, and they both started on a large book and made further numerous trips, all over the world, in search of more indigenous tribes and mushrooms so they could continue to catalogue and research all of them in their books, here and here.
So, this is the start of the whole psychedelic movement and it occurred ten years before anyone else knew hardly anything about psychedelics and mushrooms. Ten years after the Wassons work, came a long line of researchers including Dr. Timothy Leary, Dr. John Lilly, Dr. Terrence McKenna, Marcia Moore, D.M. Turner, and Dr. Karl Jansen.